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Css templates free biology
Css templates free biology




css templates free biology

  • The grain shows a slight flattening, which marks the position of the embryo.
  • The base of the grain is slightly flattened with a small depression called as hilum.
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  • The naked grain is more or less spherical in shape and the colour can be brown, reddish brown, black, orange red, purple and white.
  • The grain is globose and smooth one with the pericarp thin, hyaline and loose.
  • An earhead takes seven to eight days to complete its flowering
  • In each spikelet, the opening of the florets is from bottom to top and one floret in the spikelet opens per day.
  • The average number of spikelets in a finger had been found to be 67 to 73
  • The four types of ear heads, not withstanding their varying finger lengths, do not present very marked differences in the number of spikelets on a finger.
  • Stamens three, ovary superior with two dsitinct free styles ending in plumose stigmas.
  • There are two lodicules broad and trunky.
  • Palea slightly shorter than lemma, two keeled with the keel wings.
  • Flowering lemmas are broadly ovale, acute, three nerved and 2-5 mm long.
  • Enclose bisexual flowers, but terminal ones sometimes sterile or male, arranged in two opposite rows and two lodicules each.
  • The lower 2 glumes are 1-4 mm long with 5-7 veined keels and it is barren.
  • The upper glume is similar, but slightly longer.
  • The lower glume is ovate, obtuse and keeled with lateral nerve close to the keel.
  • Each spikelet is 3 to 7 flowered enclosed by the lemma and palea.
  • Spikelets about 70 arranged alternately on rachis, each containing 4 to 7 seeds.
  • They are sessile and arranged in 2 rows alternately attached to one side of the rachis.
  • They are often curved, crowded, 2 to 4 flowered.
  • The spikelets are carried on small rachillae at the ends of the branches of the panicle.
  • The fisty has the in-curved spikelets in a greater intensity of curving giving a roundish, fist-like appearance.
  • In the open, the fingers are the longest and gape out and present a characteristic funnel-shaped appearance.
  • In the top-curved, the curved fingers are longer with the result that they retain the central hollow.
  • In the in-curved, the fingers are short and curve in and practically close up the central hollowgiving the earhead an obovate shape.
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  • There are four types of panicle shapes, namely, (i) the top-curved, (ii) the in-curved, (iii) the open and (iv) the fisty.
  • The branches are slender to robust, linear to oblong, up to 24 cm long, each branch with 60-80 spikelets.
  • It resembles fingers on hand, hence its common name is finger millet and with an odd one a little lower down the whorl and called the thumb. The panicle consists of a variable number of spikes ranging from 3 to 20 arranged in a bird’s foot style. It is branched with one or a few branches below the main cluster of 4-19 branches.
  • Inflorescence or Panicle is borne at the end of the vegetative shoot.
  • Two to four nodes get conjested together in the culms
  • At the base of the stem, the nodes are often crowded are referred as ‘conjested nodes’.
  • The internodes of the culm are not of equal length.
  • Many of the well grown leaves have a tendency to snap and bend down about their upper middle and called as bent leaves.
  • Leaf blade is linear and taper to an acute point, folded and striated and often with ciliated margins.
  • The leaf blade has a prominent midrib, ligule, a fringe of hairs.
  • The leaf sheath is flattened, over lapping, split along the entire length
  • The leaf sheath envelops the stem lore or less completely and very little of internodes are exposed.
  • The leaves are distichous, simple and entire
  • The leaves are arranged alternately on either side of the compressed elliptical culm and it is green in colour.
  • The plant has a packing of a large number of leaves on short slender culms.
  • The lower internodes are short and the longest being the terminal node carrying the inflorescence.
  • The stem is hollow at the internodes and solid at the nodes.
  • The plant is robust, free tillering, tufted annual grass up to 170 cm tall.
  • The stem is compressed, elliptic and it is green in colour.
  • It is slender, erect, compressed, glaborous and smooth, sometimes branching.
  • When seedlings are pulled out, most of the roots get torn off but very soon fresh roots develop.
  • As the seedlings begin to grow, fibrous roots arise from the basal nodes.
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  • Lateral roots are formed from the seminal root.
  • As the ragi grain germinates, the radical pierces its way out and forms the seminal root.
  • It is shallow, branched, rooting at lower nodes.





  • Css templates free biology